Endoscopic Foraminotomy
Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for a Herniated Disc
What is Endoscopic Foraminotomy?
Endoscopic foraminotomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to relieve pressure on spinal nerves by enlarging the foramen— the small openings through which nerves exit the spinal canal. Using an endoscope and specialized instruments, the surgeon removes bone or soft tissue that may be compressing the nerve, providing relief from pain, numbness, or weakness.
When is Endoscopic Foraminotomy Recommended?
Endoscopic foraminotomy may be recommended in the following situations:
- The patient has spinal stenosis or foraminal narrowing.
- A herniated disc is pressing on a spinal nerve.
- Non-surgical treatments (like physical therapy or injections) have failed.
- The patient experiences persistent arm or leg pain due to nerve compression.
- Imaging confirms nerve root impingement in the foramen.
How is Endoscopic Foraminotomy Performed?
The patient is placed under local or general anesthesia. A small incision is made near the spine, and a tubular retractor is inserted to create a pathway to the affected area. An endoscope provides a live video feed to guide the surgeon as they remove bone spurs, disc fragments, or thickened ligaments compressing the nerve. Once the decompression is complete, the instruments are withdrawn, and the incision is closed.
Recovery after Endoscopic Foraminotomy
Patients usually experience quicker recovery than with traditional spine surgery. Most are discharged the same day or after an overnight stay. Light activities can typically resume within a few days, and full recovery with physical therapy may take several weeks.
Risks of Endoscopic Foraminotomy
While generally safe, potential risks include:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Nerve injury
- Spinal fluid leak
- Incomplete symptom relief
Benefits of Endoscopic Foraminotomy
This approach offers several patient advantages:
- Smaller incisions with minimal scarring
- Less pain and blood loss
- Shorter recovery and hospital stay
- Reduced risk of muscle and tissue damage
- High success rates in relieving nerve compression
